Studio Set-up.

When setting the camera up for a studio shoot, I will need to make sure it's on manual setting, that the white balance is on flash, make sure the ISO is set to the lowest setting and make sure that the shutter speed will be slower than a 200th of a second, or else it will backfire on the flash and take the image before the flash flashes, messing up the image. Changing the shutter speed will not effect the exposure, the only change it will make is messing up the image it's set it too fast- control the exposure through the f-stop and the lights.

When setting up the lights: there is the key light, the fill lights, the hair light and the background lights. Set up each light one at a time, to make sure I am highlighting and shadowing the image how I want it to be. First starting with the key light, placing it where I want it and taking a light meter reading to check f number is correct, and also by taking an image I can get to see what effect the key light is making and move it if its not what I want. Secondly using a fill light, place it opposite the key light in order to fill in any shadows that the key light is making and then take another light meter reading- If there are still shadows that I want to get rid of; I can add as many key lights as I want to do this. I can add a hair light, directed towards the subjects edge/head line to make the subject stand out against the background: making them life like. The final lights left setting, are the background lights, which I use in order to light up the background- the brighter the lights are the whiter the background will go. Two lights are needed in order to light the background evenly, I need to be careful that the lights aren't peeking into the shot though, for the light to be control and not spill over and obscure the lighting set up  meant for the subject I need to have soft boxes over the background lights, this will make sure that the lighting for the background won't interfere with the lighting for the subject and there always needs to be a considerable gap between the background and the subject so that theres no chance of the lighting spilling together, obscuring the image.

When lighting a white background you need two lights hitting it, when lighting a black background, you don't need any lights hitting it, although a hair light is essential.

Studio lighting accessories:
Soft boxes: softens light, diffuses light and control's the spread of light.
Umbrella(shoot through): put umbrella in front of a light, it defuses the light but doesn't control it, if you want it to be really dusted then use a bigger umbrella.
Bounce Umbrella: Bounce Umbrella's bounce the light backwards and spread the light in every direction, creates a big soft light.

Snoot: creates a narrow beam of light.
Honey comb grids: stops light spreading, creates a bit more light than a snoot. different sizes change the effect it makes: thing= hair light. bigger= narrow.